2020年12月30日
Jerry
9606
2021年1月17日
网络请求不可避免会遇上请求超时的情况,在 requests 中,如何设置请求超时时间又如何设置重试呢?
直接上代码
1、设置请求超时时间5s timeout=5 来指定
def get_url():
Headers = {
'content-type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36'
}
url = "https://www.google.com.hk"
print(datetime.datetime.now())
try:
res = requests.get(url=url, headers=Headers, timeout=5)
except Exception as e:
pass
print(datetime.datetime.now())
五秒超时
2、设置超时重试,如下
def get_url1():
Headers = {
'content-type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36'
}
url = "https://www.google.com.hk"
print(datetime.datetime.now())
s = requests.Session()
s.mount('http://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=3))
s.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=3))
try:
res = s.head(url=url, headers=Headers, timeout=5)
except Exception as e:
pass
print(datetime.datetime.now())
超时重试三次,加上第一次应该是一共四次 耗时20s
上面这种重试是requests自己封装好的,但是不太满足个性化的需求 于是有了第三种超时重试
3、直接就是死循环,重试多次,一直到成功:
def get_url2():
Headers = {
'content-type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36'
}
url = "https://www.google.com.hk"
keep = True
while keep:
try:
res = requests.head(url=url, headers=Headers, timeout=5)
keep = False
except Exception as e:
print(datetime.datetime.now())
可以看到一直重试
死循环可不行啊,加个次数就好了,对上面代码改进下,有了第四种
4、自定义重试次数
def get_url3():
Headers = {
'content-type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36'
}
url = "https://www.google.com.hk"
keep = True
maxtimes = 3
count = 0
print(datetime.datetime.now())
while keep and count < maxtimes:
try:
res = requests.head(url=url, headers=Headers, timeout=5)
keep = False
except Exception as e:
print(datetime.datetime.now())
count = count + 1
print('重试' + str(count))
这时候有的人会问,这第四种和第二种有啥锤子区别???看看下面这个例子
5、自定义时间间隔。
某些情况下,爬虫的时候短时间内重试多次返回的东西是一样的,这时候就可以设置多少间隔后再重试。
def get_url4():
Headers = {
'content-type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36'
}
url = "https://www.google.com.hk"
keep = True
maxtimes = 3
count = 0
print(datetime.datetime.now())
while keep and count < maxtimes:
try:
res = requests.get(url=url, headers=Headers, timeout=5)
keep = False
except Exception as e:
print(datetime.datetime.now())
# 延时10s后重试
time.sleep(10)
count = count + 1
print('重试' + str(count))
这样就可以控制每次重复请求的时间间隔,或者中间做点其他的东西。
原创文章,转载请注明出处:
https://jerrycoding.com/article/reqtimeout
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